Best Surgical Oncologists for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in India

This page lists 70 sentinel lymph node biopsy doctors in India. Review each doctor's experience, specialty and hospital, then contact our care team for help with the next step.

Quick answer

This page lists 70 sentinel lymph node biopsy doctors in India. Review each doctor's experience, specialty and hospital, then contact our care team for help with the next step.

About Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy doctors in India

This directory is based on doctors currently listed in GAF Healthcare's registry. Clinical suitability varies by patient; a doctor should review your history and investigations before any treatment decision.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy doctors

Dr. Mansi Chowhan Featured

Dr. Mansi Chowhan

MBBS, MS (General Surgery) – Gold Medalist, MCh Breast Oncoplasty, Fellowship in Breast Surgery, Global Fellowship IFHNOS, FIAGES – Fellow of Indian Association of Gastro Endoscopic Surgeons, Observership – Breast Unit
Consultant – Surgical Oncology (Breast Surgery) · Specialty: Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon
Fortis Hospital Manesar Gurugram, India14+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 14+ years of experience in Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon
  • Consultant – Surgical Oncology (Breast), Fortis Hospital, Manesar, Gurugram (Present)
  • Fortis Healthcare (Delhi & Gurgaon)
Expertise & Procedures
  • Breast Conservation Surgery (Lumpectomy / Wide Local Excision)
  • Breast Oncoplasty Level 1 and Level 2
  • Modified Radical Mastectomy
  • Skin-Sparing Mastectomy
  • Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
View all procedures →
Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon Experience: 14+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Fortis Hospital ManesarHospital accreditation: NABH, NABL, JCI
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Dr. Kanchan Kaur

MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MRCS
Senior Director — Breast Cancer & Cancer Care · Specialty: Surgical Oncologist (Breast)
Medanta - The Medicity Gurgaon, India22+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 22+ years of experience in Surgical Oncologist (Breast)
  • Senior Director — Breast Cancer, Cancer Care, Medanta – The Medicity, Gurgaon (Present)
  • Tutor — Government of India SWAYAM online learning platform
Expertise & Procedures
  • Lumpectomy / Wide Local Excision
  • Oncoplastic Breast Conservation Surgery
  • Modified Radical Mastectomy
  • Skin- & Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
View all procedures →
Surgical Oncologist (Breast) Experience: 22+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Medanta - The MedicityHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
Dr. Manish Gaur

Dr. Manish Gaur

MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MCh (Surgical Oncology), Certificate Course PIPAC — International Society for the Study of Pleura and Peritoneum (ISSPP) & Indian Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies, Travelling Fellowship — INDO-UK Breast Oncoplasty
Principal Consultant — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Surgical Oncologist
Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket New Delhi, India13+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 13+ years of experience in Surgical Oncologist
  • Principal Consultant — Surgical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital & Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi (February 2026 – Present)
  • Consultant — Surgical Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi (February 2024 – January 2026)
Expertise & Procedures
  • Breast conservation surgery (BCS)
  • Modified radical mastectomy with breast reconstruction
  • Oncoplastic breast surgery
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy
  • Head and neck cancer resections
View all procedures →
Surgical Oncologist Experience: 13+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Max Super Speciality Hospital, SaketHospital accreditation: NABH, JCI
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Dr. Abhishek Budharapu

MBBS, MS, MCh, MRCS, DNB
Consultant — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Head & Neck Surgical Oncologist
Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills Hyderabad, India11+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 11+ years of experience in Head & Neck Surgical Oncologist
  • Consultant Surgical Oncology, Apollo Hospital Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad — Head & Neck Surgical Oncology specialist (Present)
  • Head & Neck Surgical Oncology training, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
Expertise & Procedures
  • Oral Cancer Surgery
  • Neck Dissection (Radical and Selective)
  • Composite Resection
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Laryngeal Cancer Surgery
View all procedures →
Head & Neck Surgical Oncologist Experience: 11+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Apollo Hospital, Jubilee HillsHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
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Dr. Aditi Chaturvedi

MBBS, MS, MCh
Senior Consultant — Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon, Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon
Apollo Athenaa Women's Cancer Centre New Delhi, India13+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 13+ years of experience in Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon
  • Senior Consultant, Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon, Apollo Athenaa Women's Cancer Centre, New Delhi, Present
  • Consultant and Senior Surgeon, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
Expertise & Procedures
  • Breast-Conserving Surgery
  • Mastectomy with Reconstruction
  • Oncoplastic Breast Surgery
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Breast Biopsy (fine needle and core needle)
View all procedures →
Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon Experience: 13+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Apollo Athenaa Women's Cancer CentreHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
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Dr. Aiswarya Sekar

MCh, MS, MBBS
Gynecologic Oncosurgeon — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Gynecologic Oncosurgeon
Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre Chennai, India7+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 7+ years of experience in Gynecologic Oncosurgeon
  • Gynecologic Oncosurgeon, Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre, Chennai — Present
  • Senior Resident & Fellow in Gynecologic Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai — 2024
Expertise & Procedures
  • Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
  • HIPEC (Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy)
  • Radical Hysterectomy with Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
  • Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy
  • Vulvectomy and Groin Node Dissection
View all procedures →
Gynecologic Oncosurgeon Experience: 7+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Dr. Rela Institute & Medical CentreHospital accreditation: NABH, NABL
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Dr. Ajay Chanakya

MBBS, MS in General Surgery, MCh in Surgical Oncology, Fellowship in Robotic Surgery, UICC Observership, HIPEC Certification
Consultant — Surgical Oncology, Peritoneal Surface Oncology & Uro-Oncology · Specialty: Surgical Oncologist
Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills Hyderabad, India8+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 8+ years of experience in Surgical Oncologist
  • Consultant, Surgical Oncology & Peritoneal Surface Oncology & Uro-Oncology, Apollo Hospital Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
  • Specialized training in Uro-Onco Robotic Surgery, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai (under guidance of Dr. Sudhakar Machisetty)
Expertise & Procedures
  • Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
  • Cytoreductive Surgery with HIPEC
  • Breast-Conserving Surgery
  • Total Mastectomy with Axillary Dissection
  • Radical Nephrectomy
View all procedures →
Surgical Oncologist Experience: 8+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Apollo Hospital, Jubilee HillsHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
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Dr. Akshay Tiwari

MBBS, MS Orthopedics, Fellowship in Musculoskeletal Oncology, Diploma in Tissue Banking
Senior Orthopedic Oncologist — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Orthopedic Oncologist
Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi, India22+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 22+ years of experience in Orthopedic Oncologist
  • Senior Orthopedic Oncologist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi — 22+ years
  • Musculoskeletal Oncology Fellow, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Italy
Expertise & Procedures
  • Limb Salvage Surgery for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
  • Bone Tumor Cryosurgery and Ablation
  • En Bloc Resection of Spinal Sarcomas
  • Total Femur Replacement and Reconstruction
  • Rotationplasty for Distal Femoral Tumors
View all procedures →
Orthopedic Oncologist Experience: 22+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Indraprastha Apollo HospitalHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
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Dr. Alok Narang

MBBS, MS
Senior Surgical Oncologist — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Surgical Oncologist
Indraprastha Apollo Hospital Delhi, India27+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 27+ years of experience in Surgical Oncologist
  • Senior Surgical Oncologist at Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi — Present
  • 27+ years of specialized surgical oncology practice across multiple cancer specialties
Expertise & Procedures
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Breast-Conserving Surgery
  • Oncoplastic Breast Surgery
  • Head and Neck Tumor Resection
  • Gastric Cancer Surgery
View all procedures →
Surgical Oncologist Experience: 27+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Indraprastha Apollo HospitalHospital accreditation: JCI, NABH
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Dr. Amit Chakraborty

MBBS, MS, MCh
Consultant Onco Surgeon — Surgical Oncology · Specialty: Surgical Oncologist
Wockhardt Hospital Mumbai, India12+ Years experience
Why consider this doctor?
  • 12+ years of experience in Surgical Oncologist
  • Consultant Onco Surgeon, Surgical Oncology — Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai Central, South Mumbai
  • Over 12 years of clinical practice in surgical oncology with focus on complex cancer cases
Expertise & Procedures
  • Breast-conserving surgery
  • Mastectomy with reconstruction planning
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy
  • Oncoplastic breast surgery
  • Colorectal cancer resection
View all procedures →
Surgical Oncologist Experience: 12+ YearsHospital Affiliation: Wockhardt HospitalHospital accreditation: NABH, JCI

Hospitals where these doctors practise

Fortis Hospital Manesar🇮🇳 Manesar, Gurgaon, India
Starting from$1,800

Fortis Hospital Manesar

Est. 2013
NABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditationNABLNational Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories accreditationJCIJoint Commission International accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryOrthopedicsBariatric Surgery
1+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.4
74 reviews
350+
Beds
13+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Mansi Chowhan
Medanta - The Medicity🇮🇳 Gurgaon, India
Starting from$1,800

Medanta - The Medicity

Est. 2009
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
6+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.9
2150 reviews
1600+
Beds
17+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Kanchan KaurDr. Ananya DeoriDr. Rajeev Agarwal
+3 more
Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills🇮🇳 Hyderabad, India
Starting from$1,800

Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills

Est. 1988
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
10+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.1
44 reviews
550+
Beds
38+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Abhishek BudharapuDr. Ajay ChanakyaDr. Arsheed Hussain Hakeem
+7 more
Apollo Hospitals🇮🇳 New Delhi, India
Starting from$1,800

Apollo Hospitals

Est. 1983
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
7+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.9
1240 reviews
1000+
Beds
43+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Aditi ChaturvediDr. Akshay TiwariDr. Alok Narang
+4 more
Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre🇮🇳 Chennai, India
Starting from$1,800

Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre

Est. 2018
NABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditationNABLNational Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
4+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.7
108 reviews
450+
Beds
8+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Aiswarya SekarDr. D. Pon Jeeva MathanDr. Keshavarajan G
+1 more
Wockhardt Hospital🇮🇳 Mumbai, India
Starting from$1,800

Wockhardt Hospital

Est. 2014
NABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditationJCIJoint Commission International accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
2+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.4
30 reviews
350+
Beds
12+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Amit ChakrabortyDr. Meghal Sanghavi
Fortis Memorial Research Institute🇮🇳 Gurgaon, India
Starting from$1,800

Fortis Memorial Research Institute

Est. 1996
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
4+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.8
1100 reviews
1000+
Beds
30+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Amit SahniDr. Jaiprakash GurawaliaDr. Rama Joshi
+1 more
Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road🇮🇳 Chennai, India
Starting from$1,800

Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road

Est. 1983
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
5+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.7
125 reviews
560+
Beds
43+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Anil K D'CruzDr. Phanendra Kumar GubbalaDr. Rupinder Sekhon
+2 more
Apollo Hospital, Bannerghatta Road🇮🇳 Bangalore, India
Starting from$1,800

Apollo Hospital, Bannerghatta Road

Est. 2007
JCIJoint Commission International accreditationNABHNational Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation
Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyCardiac SurgeryCardiologyMedical Oncology
4+
Doctors for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
4.2
25 reviews
250+
Beds
19+
Years Since Founded
Dr. Ashwini R KDr. Monisha PDr. P Subramanya Rao
+1 more

Why consider treatment in India?

Many international patients consider India for breast cancer treatment for several reasons, including:

More affordable estimates

Competitive indicative costs compared with many other countries, for similar clinical standards.

Internationally accredited hospitals

Hospitals experienced in treating international patients.

Experienced specialists

Doctors who regularly manage similar cases.

Care coordination support

A team to help with planning, medical translation and follow-up.

About the Procedure

What is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy?

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to determine whether breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm. A tracer (radioactive substance and/or blue dye) is injected to identify the 'sentinel' node(s) — the first lymph nodes cancer cells are likely to reach — which are then removed and examined by a pathologist. It helps avoid unnecessary removal of all axillary lymph nodes, reducing complications like lymphedema while accurately staging the cancer.

Who may be considered?

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy may be considered after a qualified specialist reviews your reports and medical history. Suitability varies from person to person and must be assessed by your treating doctor.

How does it work?

Combines a radioactive tracer injected pre-operatively with a blue dye injected during surgery to maximize accurate identification of the sentinel node(s), offering the highest detection rates.

2 approaches available for this procedure:

Dual-Tracer Technique (Radioisotope + Blue Dye)

Gold Standard

Combines a radioactive tracer injected pre-operatively with a blue dye injected during surgery to maximize accurate identification of the sentinel node(s), offering the highest detection rates.

Comprehensive Investigations

Estimated cost: $300 - $600

Mammography, Breast ultrasound, Core needle biopsy report, CBC, Coagulation profile, ECG, Chest X-ray, Lymphoscintigraphy

Treatment / Procedure Estimate

Estimated cost in India: $2,800 - $4,800

Stay in India

Pre-procedure stay (outside hospital): ~2 days
Hospitalisation: ~2 days
Recovery period (outside hospital): ~7 days recommended
Total stay: approx 9-11 days

Usually Included in Hospital Package

  • Nuclear medicine tracer injection and lymphoscintigraphy
  • Surgeon and anesthesiologist fees
  • Operation theatre and hospital stay
  • Intraoperative gamma probe use
  • Pathology examination of excised node(s)

Usually Not Included

  • Flights and visa costs
  • Accommodation for companion
  • Follow-up adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy/radiotherapy)
  • Post-surgery pathology genomic tests if required
  • Any concurrent breast surgery (lumpectomy/mastectomy) if performed separately

Recovery and follow-up

Most patients go home within 1-2 days and can resume light activities within a week, with arm mobility exercises recommended to prevent stiffness; final pathology results guiding further treatment are typically available within 5-7 days.

Risks

Risks are generally low and include temporary arm numbness or bruising, mild allergic reaction to the blue dye, seroma formation, and a small chance of lymphedema, all significantly lower than with full axillary lymph node dissection.

Alternatives

The main alternative is full axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), which removes more nodes and carries higher risk of lymphedema, typically reserved for cases with confirmed node involvement; imaging-based surveillance without biopsy is not a recommended alternative when cancer staging is required.

What we need to prepare a formal estimate

Share whatever you have — the care team will confirm the final checklist after reviewing your case.

Reports required

  • Recent mammogram and breast ultrasound reports
  • Core needle biopsy / histopathology report confirming diagnosis
  • Any prior breast MRI images and reports
  • Complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation profile
  • ECG and chest X-ray (if age/comorbidity indicates)
  • List of current medications and allergies
  • Previous surgical or oncology consultation notes if any

Patient information needed

  • Age and general health/comorbidity status
  • Stage and location of breast cancer diagnosis
  • Whether SLNB will be combined with lumpectomy or mastectomy
  • History of prior breast or axillary surgery
  • Known allergies, especially to iodine or blue dye
  • Any history of pregnancy or breastfeeding (radioisotope precautions)
  • Current medications, especially blood thinners

Costs shown are indicative planning estimates based on typical pricing across leading Indian hospitals. They are not a quote — actual pricing depends on your case complexity, hospital choice, and length of stay. Share your reports for a personalized estimate.

Want a formal estimate?

Share your reports and patient information so our care coordination team can review your case.

How this directory is built

Doctors are matched using the specialty, location, condition (Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy) and procedure (Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy) recorded in their profiles. Inclusion is not an endorsement and does not guarantee a treatment outcome.

Need help with the next step?

Share your needs with our care coordination team for information about doctors and hospitals.

Common questions

FAQs about Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in India

What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a malignant tumour originating in the cells of the breast, most commonly in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma), which has the potential to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. It is classified by its molecular subtype, grade, and stage, all of which inform the most appropriate course of management.
What are the symptoms and health risks of Breast Cancer?
Common signs include a new lump or thickening in the breast or armpit, changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling or puckering, nipple discharge (particularly if bloodstained), nipple inversion, or persistent pain in one area of the breast. In more advanced cases, swelling of the arm, bone pain, or unexplained weight loss may occur. These symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, so their presence alone does not confirm a diagnosis of breast cancer.
How is Breast Cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically established through a combination of imaging — most commonly mammography and ultrasound, with MRI used in selected cases — and a tissue biopsy, which allows pathologists to confirm malignancy and determine the tumour's grade and receptor status (oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2). Staging, from Stage I through Stage IV, is then assessed using clinical examination, pathology results, and where indicated, further imaging such as CT or bone scans to evaluate whether the cancer has spread beyond the breast. All of these findings are reviewed together by a qualified clinician to determine the most appropriate individual management plan.
How is Breast Cancer treated?
Treatment for breast cancer is highly individualised and depends on the tumour's stage, grade, molecular subtype, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Surgical options available through our directory include lumpectomy, mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, oncoplastic breast surgery, and breast reconstruction, each suited to different clinical scenarios. These procedures are commonly combined with systemic treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy, and with radiotherapy, to reduce the risk of recurrence — the precise combination being determined by a multidisciplinary team following full assessment.
Can Breast Cancer be treated without a procedure?
Non-surgical treatments play a central role in breast cancer management and are used either alongside surgery or, in some cases, as the primary approach — for example, hormone therapy alone in frail or elderly patients with hormone-receptor-positive disease who are not surgical candidates. Systemic options include chemotherapy, hormone (endocrine) therapy, HER2-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy; some patients also receive neoadjuvant (pre-operative) systemic therapy to reduce tumour size before surgery. Radiotherapy is frequently recommended after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy to reduce the risk of local recurrence. The role and sequence of each non-surgical treatment is determined on an individual basis by the treating oncology team.
When is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy considered for Breast Cancer?
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy may be considered only when it is appropriate for the confirmed diagnosis and the expected benefit outweighs the individual risks. The decision may depend on symptom severity, investigation results, previous treatment, overall health and the patient's goals. A specialist should discuss alternatives and recovery before any procedure is planned.
Which doctor treats Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is typically managed by a multidisciplinary team led by a surgical oncologist and a medical oncologist, working alongside a radiation oncologist, breast radiologist, and pathologist. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons may also be involved when breast reconstruction is planned.
How do I choose a doctor for Breast Cancer?
When selecting a provider, look for a surgical or medical oncologist with documented experience in breast cancer specifically, working within a hospital that offers a formal multidisciplinary tumour board, access to the full range of systemic therapies, and clear pathways for follow-up care and survivorship support.
What documents do international patients need to share for a medical evaluation?
Share a concise medical summary, symptom timeline, previous diagnoses, investigation and imaging reports, procedure or biopsy reports where relevant, current medicines, allergies and related treatment records. Provide clear copies with translations when needed. The reviewing doctor may request additional information before giving an opinion.
How does GAF Healthcare help international patients plan treatment in India?
Our care coordination team can review the initial information, help identify suitable doctors and hospitals, request a medical opinion where available, explain next steps and indicative cost information, and support practical planning before travel. A remote opinion does not replace an in-person examination or emergency care.