- Gastrectomy treatment guide
Gastrectomy is surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, the muscular pouch that receives food from the oesophagus and starts digestion. In cancer care it is done to take out the tumour with a margin of stomach and, where indicated, regional lymph nodes, then restore a path from oesophagus to small bowel. Partial or distal gastrectomy leaves a remnant of stomach. Subtotal gastrectomy leaves a smaller remnant. Total gastrectomy removes the entire stomach; the oesophagus is then joined to jejunum. Proximal gastrectomy, when used, removes the upper stomach in selected cases. Reconstruction — gastroduodenostomy, gastrojejunostomy or esophagojejunostomy, often Roux-en-Y after total resection — is why the join, not only the incision, dominates recovery.
- Liver Resection (Hepatectomy) treatment guide
Liver resection, or hepatectomy, removes a diseased portion of the liver — tumour or selected benign disease — with a margin, while preserving enough functioning remnant to support recovery. The liver can later increase in volume; that regeneration is not a copy of the piece that was taken out. The exact operation depends on tumour location, size, number of lesions, liver function, underlying liver disease, relationship to blood vessels and bile ducts, cancer type, previous treatment, overall health and the surgeon's assessment. GAF Healthcare does not decide on this page whether resection is appropriate. Treatment plans are determined by qualified doctors after evaluation.
- Sleeve Gastrectomy treatment guide
Sleeve gastrectomy removes much of the greater-curvature stomach and leaves a narrow gastric tube without rerouting the intestine. Usually through laparoscopic ports, the surgeon frees the greater curve and divides the stomach vertically with staplers over a sizing tube; the removed stomach is extracted and the staple line is inspected.
- Liver Transplantation treatment guide
Liver transplantation replaces a failing liver with a graft from a living or deceased donor when medical treatment can no longer sustain liver function. The diseased liver is removed and a whole or partial graft is implanted with hepatic-vein, portal-vein, arterial and biliary anastomoses. ICU monitoring of graft flow, bile output and immunosuppression follows.
- Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation treatment guide
Deceased donor liver transplantation implants a whole or split graft from a deceased donor when allocation, blood group and a named transplant ICU already allow it. When a matched graft is accepted, the native liver is removed and the graft is implanted with venous, arterial and biliary anastomoses. Cold-ischaemia time and ICU graft-flow checks govern the first hours.
- Pediatric Liver Transplantation treatment guide
Pediatric liver transplantation replaces a child's failing liver with a whole, reduced or living-donor graft when hepatology and a paediatric ICU already agree that medical therapy is not enough. The native liver is removed and a size-matched graft is implanted, often with microvascular arterial anastomosis and Roux biliary reconstruction. Paediatric ICU monitoring follows.
- Liver Retransplantation treatment guide
Liver retransplantation replaces a failed liver graft with another graft when the cause of failure and a named retransplant list already allow a second implant. The failed graft is explanted, often with difficult dissection, then a new graft is implanted with whatever inflow, outflow and biliary reconstruction the remaining anatomy allows.
- Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy) treatment guide
The Whipple procedure is a complex operation used to treat selected diseases of the pancreas, bile duct and nearby digestive structures, including some pancreatic cancers. The pancreatic head, duodenum, gallbladder and bile-duct segment are removed and the remaining pancreas, bile duct and stomach or duodenum are reconstructed. After exploration for unexpected metastases, the pancreatic head, duodenum, distal bile duct and gallbladder are removed. Pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy and gastro- or duodenojejunostomy restore continuity. ICU monitoring of drain amylase and gastric emptying follows.
- Distal Pancreatectomy treatment guide
Distal pancreatectomy removes the body and tail of the pancreas, with or without the spleen, when a lesion sits to the left of the portal vein. The body and tail are mobilised and divided to the left of the portal vein. The spleen is preserved or removed according to vessel involvement. The pancreatic stump is closed with stapler or suture and drained as planned.
- Pancreatectomy treatment guide
Pancreatectomy removes part or, in selected cases, all of the pancreas when disease extent is not captured by a named Whipple or distal-pancreatectomy template. The named portion of pancreas is mobilised and removed. Reconstruction, if any remnant remains, joins pancreas to bowel. After total removal, biliary and intestinal joins are completed without a pancreatic anastomosis.
- Biliary Reconstruction treatment guide
Biliary reconstruction repairs or replaces a damaged, strictured or surgically divided bile duct, often with a hepaticojejunostomy that joins bile ducts to a Roux loop of jejunum. After adhesions are cleared and healthy duct mucosa is identified, a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop is usually brought up for hepaticojejunostomy. Drains and, sometimes, anastomotic stents are placed as planned.
- Gallbladder Cancer Surgery treatment guide
Gallbladder cancer surgery removes the gallbladder with a rim or segment of adjacent liver and regional nodes when staging already suggests the disease is resectable. A radical cholecystectomy removes the gallbladder, a wedge or anatomical portion of segments IVb/V and selected nodes. Bile-duct excision is added only if the cystic duct or common duct is involved.
- Bile Duct Cancer Surgery treatment guide
Bile duct cancer surgery resects cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic or hilar ducts when future-liver remnant and vascular anatomy already allow reconstruction. The involved duct segment is removed with an appropriate liver volume when the hilum is involved, then hepaticojejunostomy restores bile flow. Frozen section of duct margins may extend the resection.
- Anti-Reflux Surgery (Nissen Fundoplication) treatment guide
Anti-reflux surgery with Nissen fundoplication wraps the gastric fundus around the lower oesophagus to restore a barrier against reflux after manometry and pH testing already support an operation. Usually laparoscopically, the hiatus is assessed, any hernia reduced, crura approximated and a 360-degree fundus wrap constructed around the lower oesophagus. A bougie or calibration method may be used as the surgeon prefers.
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery treatment guide
Colorectal cancer surgery removes the affected portion of the colon or rectum and may involve reconstruction or a temporary or permanent stoma depending on the disease and operation. The involved bowel is mobilised with its lymphovascular pedicle, divided, and joined or brought out as a stoma. Rectal cases may require TME-plane dissection. Approach may be open, laparoscopic or robotic.
- Colorectal Resection treatment guide
Colorectal resection removes a segment of colon or rectum for selected cancer, diverticular disease, inflammatory-bowel complications or another named indication, then joins the bowel or forms a stoma. The diseased segment is mobilised and removed. An anastomosis or stoma is constructed according to contamination, nutrition and height. Approach may be open or minimally invasive.
- Low Anterior Resection (LAR) treatment guide
Low anterior resection removes the rectum while preserving the anal sphincter, joining descending colon to the remaining rectal cuff or anal canal, often after total mesorectal excision. The rectum is mobilised in the TME plane, divided below the tumour, and a stapled or hand-sewn anastomosis is created. A diverting loop ileostomy is often added to protect a low join.
- Ostomy / Stoma Surgery treatment guide
Ostomy or stoma surgery brings a loop or end of bowel through the abdominal wall so stool can leave into an appliance when diversion or permanent interruption of the gut is the honest operation. A marked site is opened, the chosen bowel is matured as a loop or end stoma, and the appliance is fitted before discharge teaching. Reversal, if ever appropriate, is a separate join.