- Endometriosis Surgery treatment guide
Endometriosis surgery identifies and treats selected endometriosis lesions, adhesions or endometriomas through an individualized usually laparoscopic plan. Disease may be superficial peritoneal, deep near bowel, bladder, ureter or nerves, or ovarian as an endometrioma; adhesions can distort pelvic anatomy.
- IVF Treatment treatment guide
IVF treatment retrieves mature eggs, fertilises them with sperm in the embryology laboratory and transfers a resulting embryo into the uterus when laboratory and uterine conditions allow. Controlled ovarian stimulation is monitored with ultrasound and hormones; eggs are retrieved under sedation, fertilised in the laboratory and embryos cultured for cleavage-stage or blastocyst transfer or freeze-all according to the plan.
- ICSI Treatment treatment guide
ICSI treatment injects a single sperm into each mature egg in the laboratory to assist fertilisation when sperm quality, prior fertilisation failure or specific laboratory indications support micro-injection. After egg retrieval, a single selected sperm is injected into each mature oocyte; resulting embryos are cultured and transferred or frozen according to the clinical plan.
- IUI Treatment treatment guide
IUI treatment places washed, prepared sperm directly into the uterine cavity around ovulation to improve the chance that sperm reach the egg without laboratory fertilisation outside the body. Ovulation is tracked naturally or with oral or injectable medicines; a prepared sperm sample is placed into the uterus with a soft catheter in an outpatient procedure.
- Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) treatment guide
Frozen embryo transfer warms a previously cryopreserved embryo and places it into a prepared uterine cavity in a cycle separate from ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval. The endometrium is prepared with monitoring; the embryo is thawed and transferred with a catheter under ultrasound guidance when lining and timing criteria are met.
- Blastocyst Transfer treatment guide
Blastocyst transfer places an embryo that has grown to day 5–6 blastocyst stage into the uterus, either in a fresh cycle after culture or as a frozen blastocyst in an FET cycle. Embryos are cultured to blastocyst; a selected blastocyst is transferred with catheter guidance, or surplus blastocysts are cryopreserved when appropriate.
- Donor Egg IVF treatment guide
Donor egg IVF uses eggs from a screened donor, fertilises them with designated sperm in the laboratory and transfers resulting embryos to the intended parent’s uterus when legally and medically appropriate. Donor stimulation and retrieval are coordinated with recipient endometrial preparation; fertilisation, culture and transfer or freeze follow the named laboratory plan.
- Donor Sperm IVF treatment guide
Donor sperm IVF fertilises the intended parent’s eggs—or donor eggs when that is the named plan—with screened donor sperm in the laboratory as part of an IVF or ICSI cycle. Eggs are retrieved after stimulation; donor sperm are thawed and used for conventional IVF or ICSI; embryos are cultured for transfer or cryopreservation.
- Ovulation Induction treatment guide
Ovulation induction uses oral or injectable medicines to prompt release of one or more eggs in people who do not ovulate regularly, with ultrasound and hormone monitoring to reduce multiple-pregnancy risk. Medicines are started early in the cycle; follicles are monitored; a trigger may be used; intercourse or IUI is timed to ovulation.
- Ovarian Stimulation treatment guide
Ovarian stimulation uses injectable gonadotropins and related medicines to mature multiple follicles for IVF, egg freezing or certain advanced fertility pathways under close ultrasound and hormone monitoring. Daily or near-daily injections continue with serial monitoring; a trigger shot times final maturation before retrieval or before a freeze-only egg collection.
- Egg Freezing treatment guide
Egg freezing stimulates the ovaries, retrieves mature eggs and vitrifies them for potential future fertilisation when the patient is not ready or able to conceive immediately. Stimulation and retrieval resemble IVF; mature eggs are vitrified without fertilisation unless a combined plan says otherwise.
- Embryo Freezing treatment guide
Embryo freezing cryopreserves surplus or deferred embryos after IVF or ICSI so they can be thawed for a future frozen embryo transfer. Embryos are vitrified at cleavage or blastocyst stage and stored in labelled cryodevices under laboratory chain-of-custody procedures.
- Fertility Preservation treatment guide
Fertility preservation plans and performs egg, embryo or, where available and appropriate, tissue cryopreservation before cancer therapy, gender-affirming treatment, or surgery that may reduce future fertility. Random-start stimulation for egg or embryo freezing, semen cryopreservation for male patients, or referral for tissue preservation when offered in specialist centres.
- Hysteroscopy treatment guide
Hysteroscopy inspects the uterine cavity with a camera through the cervix and can treat polyps, selected adhesions, septa or submucosal fibroids that interfere with implantation or miscarriage risk. Under sedation or anaesthesia, the cavity is distended and inspected; operative instruments treat targeted lesions when planned, with specimen pathology when tissue is removed.
- Laparoscopy treatment guide
Laparoscopy uses small abdominal ports and a camera to diagnose and treat selected pelvic conditions that affect fertility, such as endometriosis, adhesions, ovarian cysts or tubal disease, when imaging and goals support surgery. Ports are placed under anaesthesia; pelvic organs are inspected; endometriosis excision, adhesiolysis, cystectomy or tubal procedures proceed only as consented and safe.
- Micro-TESE treatment guide
Micro-TESE uses an operating microscope to identify wider seminiferous tubules and extract sperm from the testis for ICSI in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Under anaesthesia, the testis is opened and examined with a microscope; targeted tissue is taken for immediate embryology search and possible cryopreservation.
- TESE / TESA treatment guide
TESE (testicular sperm extraction) and TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) obtain sperm directly from the testis when ejaculated sperm are absent or unusable, for use with ICSI. Needle aspiration (TESA) or open biopsy extraction (TESE) gathers tubules or aspirate for embryology; samples may be used fresh or frozen.
- PESA / MESA treatment guide
PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) and MESA (microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration) collect sperm from the epididymis for ICSI, most often in obstructive azoospermia. PESA uses a needle through the skin; MESA uses microsurgical exposure of epididymal tubules to aspirate sperm for ICSI or freezing.
- Fibroid Removal (Myomectomy) treatment guide
Fibroid removal (myomectomy) excises fibroids that distort the cavity or impair fertility while preserving the uterus, using hysteroscopic, laparoscopic or open approaches selected for fibroid type and fertility goals. Fibroids are removed by the least traumatic route that safely reaches them; the uterus is repaired in layers when the myometrium is entered; specimens go to pathology.
- Ovarian Cyst Removal treatment guide
Ovarian cyst removal in a fertility context excises or drains selected benign ovarian cysts while aiming to preserve healthy ovarian tissue and future egg supply when imaging and markers support a benign pathway. Laparoscopic cystectomy or drainage with ovary sparing is typical for benign-appearing cysts; endometriosis cyst walls may be excised with careful haemostasis to protect follicles.