- TAVR/TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) treatment guide
TAVR, also called TAVI, treats selected severe aortic stenosis by delivering a collapsible tissue valve through a catheter, most often from the femoral artery, without open-heart valve replacement. In a catheter or hybrid laboratory, the team advances a crimped bioprosthetic valve—usually transfemorally—and deploys it within the diseased aortic valve under imaging, with immediate assessment of gradient, leak, coronary flow and conduction.
- Coronary Angioplasty & Stenting treatment guide
Coronary angioplasty and stenting, also called PCI, uses a catheter, balloon and usually a stent to open a narrowed or blocked coronary artery and restore blood flow to heart muscle. From a wrist or groin artery, a guide catheter reaches the coronary ostium. A wire crosses the lesion, a balloon dilates it and a stent is often deployed; the number of lesions and stents is decided during the case.
- Coronary Angiography treatment guide
Coronary angiography is a catheter-based X-ray study that uses contrast to map the coronary arteries and show whether significant narrowing is present. A thin catheter is advanced from the wrist or groin to the coronary ostia. Contrast outlines each artery on fluoroscopy; pressure measurements or PCI may follow only if already planned or urgently required.
- Atrial Fibrillation Ablation treatment guide
Atrial fibrillation ablation is a catheter procedure that isolates or modifies the electrical triggers of AF, most often around the pulmonary veins, to reduce AF burden in selected patients. Catheters enter the heart from the veins. After transseptal access, a mapping system guides pulmonary-vein isolation using radiofrequency, cryoballoon or another energy source selected by the electrophysiologist.
- Pacemaker Implantation treatment guide
Pacemaker implantation places a pulse generator and leads, usually via a vein under the collarbone, to treat selected slow or paused heart rhythms that do not recover on their own. Under local anaesthesia with sedation as needed, a pocket is made and leads are placed in the planned chambers, tested and connected to the generator. A chest X-ray and device check follow.
- MitraClip treatment guide
MitraClip is a catheter-based edge-to-edge repair that grasps mitral-valve leaflets to reduce selected mitral regurgitation without open-heart valve surgery. From a femoral vein, transseptal puncture reaches the left atrium. Under TOE guidance, the clip is steered to grasp both leaflets; more than one clip may be needed.
- ICD Implantation (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) treatment guide
An ICD is a device that can pace the heart and deliver antitachycardia pacing or a shock if a dangerous ventricular arrhythmia occurs. Similar to pacemaker implantation, a generator is placed in a pocket and defibrillator leads are positioned and tested. Defibrillation testing is used selectively rather than routinely in every case.
- CTO Angioplasty (Chronic Total Occlusion) treatment guide
CTO angioplasty is a specialized PCI that attempts to open a coronary artery that has been completely occluded for a prolonged period, usually using dual access, dedicated wires and a higher contrast and radiation budget. Antegrade wiring, dissection-reentry or retrograde collateral techniques may be used. Intravascular imaging often guides stenting if the vessel is recanalized.
- Radiofrequency Ablation treatment guide
Cardiac radiofrequency ablation delivers controlled heat through a catheter to interrupt a selected arrhythmia circuit after an electrophysiology study maps the responsible pathway or focus. Diagnostic catheters record activation. Once the target is identified, RF energy is applied with temperature and impedance monitoring; 3D mapping is used when anatomy is complex.
- CRT/CRT-D Implantation treatment guide
Cardiac resynchronization therapy places an additional left-ventricular lead, usually via the coronary sinus, so both ventricles can be paced together in selected heart-failure patients with electrical dyssynchrony. A right-ventricular lead, often an atrial lead and a coronary-sinus LV lead are placed and connected to a CRT generator. LV-lead position is chosen for electrical delay and stability.
- ASD Device Closure treatment guide
ASD device closure is a catheter procedure that places an occluder across a secundum atrial septal defect when rims are adequate, avoiding surgical patch closure in selected patients. From a femoral vein, the defect is sized — sometimes with a balloon — and a double-disc occluder is deployed under echo and fluoroscopic guidance, then released if position and residual shunt are acceptable.
- Peripheral Angioplasty treatment guide
Peripheral angioplasty uses a catheter, balloon and sometimes a stent to open a narrowed artery outside the coronary circulation, most often in a leg, to improve blood flow. From a femoral or alternative access, wires cross the stenosis or occlusion. Balloons, drug-coated balloons or stents are used according to vessel and lesion type.