Лучшие больницы для «Gallbladder Cancer Treatment» в Мумбаи, Индия

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an epithelial malignancy arising from the mucosal lining of the gallbladder, with adenocarcinoma accounting for over 90% of cases. It is the most common biliary tract cancer globally, with disproportionately high incidence in South Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. The gallbladder's thin walls and proximity to the liver (segment IV–V), bile ducts, portal vasculature, and regional lymphatics mean that even early-stage tumours can invade adjacent structures, making anatomical staging — using the AJCC/TNM 8th Edition classification — and radiological precision essential to treatment planning. Physiologically, the disease frequently presents late due to the gallbladder's lack of a serosal layer on its hepatic surface, allowing direct hepatic extension without peritoneal dissemination, and its rich lymphatic drainage accelerating nodal spread.

• ELIGIBLE FOR SURGICAL RESECTION:
• Histologically confirmed gallbladder carcinoma (adenocarcinoma, papillary, mucinous variants) staged T1b to T3 (AJCC 8th Edition)
• ECOG performance status 0–2
• Adequate hepatic reserve: future liver remnant (FLR) ≥30% of total functional liver volume (assessed by CT volumetry)
• No distant metastases (M0) on staging workup
• +22 more

Surgical APPROACHES:

1. SIMPLE CHOLECYSTECTOMY (T1a only): Acceptable for incidental T1a tumours confined to the lamina propria with clear margins on frozen section. Laparoscopic technique is standard. No re-resection required.

2. RADICAL CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH HEPATIC RESECTION (T1b–T3, primary standard): En-bloc resection of the gallbladder with a 2–3 cm margin of hepatic parenchyma involving segments IVb and V. Accompanied by systematic lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament (portal hepatis), including pericholedochal, cystic duct, right hepatic artery, and anterior/posterior portal vein nodes (minimum 6 nodes for adequate staging). Bile duct excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction is added when bile duct margin involvement is confirmed on frozen section or when achieving a clear cystic duct margin is not feasible.

3. EXTENDED HEPATIC RESECTION (T3–T4 with vascular or extensive hepatic involvement): Right hepatectomy or right trisectionectomy may be required for advanced local disease. Portal vein embolisation (PVE) is performed 4–6 weeks pre-operatively when FLR is inadequate (<30%). In selected centres, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is employed.

PHASE 1 — PRE-TRAVEL WORKUP (2–4 weeks before departure):

• Patient submits medical records to GAF Healthcare case manager: histopathology, imaging (CT/MRI/PET-CT), blood reports, operative reports if prior cholecystectomy
• GAF connects patient with assigned hepatobiliary oncology team at chosen centre (India or UAE)
• Telemedicine consultation conducted: tumour board review, resectability assessment, staging confirmation, NGS report review
• Travel plan confirmed: visa category arranged (e-Medical Visa for India; visit/medical visa for UAE), treatment dates locked
• Insurance pre-authorisation initiated where applicable

PHASE 2 — ARRIVAL & PRE-OPERATIVE EVALUATION (Days 1–3 in-country):